taşımamaktadır, zira bu anlamı taşıyor olsa kapının kilitli olduğunu bile bile kapıya gitme söz konusu olacaktır.
* Kapının kilitli olduğunu keşfetmek için kapıya koştum.
Bu yapının gerçek karşılığı
... to discover = and I discovered
yaklaşımı ile
Kapıya koştum ve kilitli olduğunu farkettim
şeklinde olacaktır.
I woke up one morning to find myself on the floor.
She turned the corner, to find the car gone.
The curtain parted, to reveal a market scene.
4.12. yüklem + to + yüklem
Aslında yüklem + and + yüklem şeklinde kullanılabilecek bir yapıdır ve uzunca bir süreye bağlı bir sonucu ifade eder.
She lived to be 100. (= and she became 100.)
The show went on to become a great success.
5. Ving
5.1. Same time (= When)
Returning to the village, I met an old friend.
(On/Upon) receiving the letter, you should reply immediately.
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Vingyapısı ile time ve reason anlatıldığı zaman, ana tümcenin ve yan tümcenin öznesinin aynı olması gerekir.
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When I returned to the village I met an old friend. (= Returning to the village I met an old friend.)
..... us that the flat was in perfect condition, the estate agent asked us if we would like to see the flat.
A. Tell
B. Telling
C. To be told
D. To tell
E. Told
The applicants, ..... for the interview all morning, looked very bored when they were finally allowed in.
A. being waited
B. having waited
C. to have waited
D. waited
E. waiting
5.2. Time after (= When / After)
Having + V3 ya da -ing yapısı ile oluşturulur.
Having completed his study he submitted it to the committee. (= After he had completed ...)
5.3. (By) + Ving
Bu yapı zaman belirtmesinin yanısıra neden de (= reason) belirtebilir.
By taking advantage of the darkness, he escaped.
5.4. ..., Ving
He rose to his feet, spilling coffee on his pants. (= When he was rising to his feet, he spilt coffee on his pants.)
6. PAST PARTICIPLE (= V3)
Çok önemli özellikler:
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Edilgen özellik taşır.
Past Participle ile time ve reason anlatıldığı zaman, ana tümcenin ve yan tümcenin öznesinin aynı olması gerekir.
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(When it is) taken as it is, the sentence will mean nothing.
CONDITION CLAUSE
1. IF
1.1. First condition
Şu an ya da geleceğe ait gerçekleşmesi mümkün olasılık anlatır.
KULLANIMI
If + Present, Future / Present tense
ÇEVİRİSİ
(Eğer) ... -I/Er ise, -EcEk / -I/Er
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If nothing is done about high rate of population growth, world population will have doubled by the year 2005.
DEVRİK YAPI
Should you see her, give her the message.
If you ..... to a doctor straight away as I advise, you ..... a great deal of discomfort.
A. would go/would have been spared
B. have gone/were spared
C. had gone/would have been spared
D. were going/have been spared
E. go/will have been spared
If ile başlayan bölüm (= yan tümce) ile ilgili önemli bir not:
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If + will / may / might ... , ....
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1.2. Second Condition
Şu an ya da geleceğe ait gerçekleşmesi pek mümkün olmayan olasılık anlatır.
KULLANIMI
If + Simple past, could / would (be able to) / might
ÇEVİRİSİ
(Eğer) ... -sE(ydI), ... -I/ErdI
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If you were a man, I'd slap you here and now.
DEVRİK YAPI
Were you a man, I'd slap you here and now.
Would you accept the offer if you ..... in my shoes.
A. are
B. can be
C. were
D. had been
E. should be
Was yerine were kullanımı önem taşır:
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If I / she / you / it / they / ... WERE ....
Ayrıca şu yapılara dikkat:
Would you mind ...?
Do you mind ... ?
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Kim: I urgently need an envelope for this card.
Tom: Do you mind if I go and buy you one?
Kim: .....
Tom: I'll be back in a minute.
A. Yes, and buy a pen as well, please.
B. Yes, this would be lovely.
C. No, not at all; most appreciated.
D. I'd better have an envelope immediately.
E. Actually, what I need is that one.
Progressive / Continuous kullanıma dikkat:
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Would be + VingSecond Condition
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She must be earning a lot. Otherwise, she ..... such a luxurious life.
A. couldn't have led
B. hasn't been leading
C. isn't leading
D. wasn't leading
E. wouldn't be leading
1.3. Third Condition
Geçmişe ait ve gerçekleşmesi artık mümkün olmayan olasılık anlatır.
KULLANIMI
A. If + Past Perfect, would /could / might + have + V3 [1]
B. If + Past Perfect, would / could / might + V1 + (now) [2]
C. If + would / could + have + V3, would / could / might + have + V3 [3]
ÇEVİRİSİ
A.
(Eğer) -sEydi /-mIş olsaydı, ... -I/ErdI
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If he had known the result he wouldn't have been so happy. [1]
B.
(Eğer) -sEydi /-mIş olsaydı, (şimdi) ... -I/ErdI
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If you had been more careful, you'd be earning more. [2]
C.
(Eğer) -sEydi /-mIş olsaydı, ... -EbIlIrdI
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I could have helped him if I could have swum. [3]
DEVRİK YAPI
Had he been more careful, he could have won.
If I ..... you were coming I ..... you a lift.
A. knew/can give
B. know/have given
C. had known/could have given
D. have known/gave
E. will know/would give
1.4. If + should
Az gerçekleşme olasılığı gösterir.
If you should see him, let me know.
1.5. If + happen to
If + should yapısı ile aynı anlamdadır.
1.6. If + were to
Were to yapısı gelecekte gerçekleşme olasılığı az bir olayı anlatmada kullanılabilir.
What would you do if a war were to break out ?
Were to yapısı zorlayıcı bir öneri ifade edebilir.
If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down comfortably.
If Turkey ..... to withdraw from the NATO alliance, certainly it ..... a global crisis.
A. had/will cause
B. was/would have caused
C. will have/causes
D. were/would cause
E. would have/had caused
1.7. If it weren't for
Bu yapı olayın bir başka olayı değiştirdiğini / etkilediğini göstermede "olmasa" anlamında kullanılır.
If it weren't for his wife's money, he'd never be a boss.
1.8. If it hadn't been for
If it weren't for yapısının geçmiş zaman halidir.
If it hadn't been for your help, she could have gone to prison.
1.9. But for
If it hadn't been for yapısı ile aynı anlamı taşır.
But for you, I could have given up long ago.
1.10. If only (= I wish ...)
A) If only + Past tense
If only I had more money, I could buy a drink.
If only you hadn't told Jackie the truth, everything would have been all right.
B) If only + would / could
Bu yapı istek / amaç belirtir.
If only she wouldn't speak all the time, she'd make a perfect guest.
If only he wouldn't snore !
If only we ..... more money on us, we wouldn't have got so embarrassed at the supermarket.
A. had taken
B. have taken
C. took
D. would have taken
E. would take
If only you ..... in my affairs that much! I really don't want to offend you.
A. don't interfere
B. hadn't interfered
C. haven't interfered
D. won't interfere
E. wouldn't interfere
2. AS LONG AS, SO LONG AS
KULLANIMI
as long as, so long as + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
- DIğI sürece/takdirde
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She can come in as long as she promises to keep silent.
You can leave the room ..... you promise to tidy your things.
A. unless
B. as long as
C. although
D. however
E. before
3. ASSUMING, PROVIDED, PROVIDING, SUPPOSING
KULLANIMI
assuming/provided/providing/supposing + (that) + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
Assuming/supposing -DIğInI varsayarsak/varsayınca
Provided/providing -mEsI koşulu ile/-DIğI takdirde
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Assuming that the journey is likely to take a full day, we may except him any minute.
You can borrow the car provided that you promise to drive carefully.
You can use my computer ..... you are careful with it.
A. as much as
B. even if
C. expecting
D. in case
E. providing
4. IN CASE
KULLANIMI
in case + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
-sE diye
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Buy another bottle of vodka in case more people come.
We should have the car checked before we set out for our holiday ..... something goes wrong.
A. although
B. before
C. by the time
D. in case
E. while
Bu yapı |
